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Batman Province (, (クルド語:Parêzgeha Batmanê),) is a Turkish province southeast of Anatolia. The province's population exceeded 500,000 in 2010. The province is important because of its reserves and production of oil which was started in the 1940s. There is a 494-km long oil pipeline from Batman to the Turkish port of İskenderun. Cotton is the main agricultural product. A railway line connects Batman with the nearby provinces of Diyarbakır and Elazığ and with the capital Ankara. The Batman River flows though the area. Batman ((クルド語:Êlih)) with 246,700 inhabitants, is the provincial capital. The province is also of interest from an archeological point of view. Sights include the Imam Abdullah Dervish monastery, Malabadi Bridge and the bridges of Camiü‘r Rızk and Hasankeyf. The majority of the province's population is Kurdish. ==History== The Batman Province contains the strategic Tigris river with fertile lands by its sides, as well as rocky hills with numerous caves providing a natural shelter. Therefore, it was inhabited from prehistoric times, likely from the Neolithic (Paleolithic) period, according to archeological evidence. First documented evidence of settlements in the province dates back to 7th century BC. An artificial "island" was created in this marshy area. It was named ''Elekhan'', and had an independent status for 194 years from 546 BC till the invasion of Alexander the Great in 352 BC. The Batman Province was a religious center in the 4th–6th centuries AD and a part of the Byzantine Empire. In the 11th–12th centuries it was ruled by the Great Seljuq Empire and Artuqids, a part of which was based in the province, in the city of Hasankeyf. The city is a cultural center of the Batman Province and as such was declared as a natural conservation area in 1981.〔(Hasankeyf ), kultur.gov.tr〕 Around 4th–6th centuries AD the province became an outpost of the Silk Road. It was populated by Assyrian (Syriac) Christians and also had a significant presence of Pontic Greeks, Baghdadi Jews and Armenians, who lived in the region from the 3rd millennium BC to the late 19th century. Tigranakert, the ancient capital of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia founded in the 1st century BC, was possibly located at Silvan in the Batman Province.〔Avdoyan, Levon. "Tiganocerta: The City 'Built by Tigranes'" in ''Armenian Tigranakert/Diarbekir and Edessa/Urfa''. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) UCLA Armenian History and Culture Series: Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, 6. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 2006, pp. 94–95.〕 It was built by King Tigran the Great around 95–55 BC and named in his honor.〔 Hakobyan, Tadevos Kh. ''«Տիգրանակերտ»'' (Tigranakert). Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. vol. xi. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1986, pp. 699–700.〕 Significant changes in the language and management of the province were brought in 1515 by Mahmoud Pasha Elekhani. It is believed that a variant of his name, ''Elah'', was transformed into ''Iluh'' and gave the old name to Batman city.〔(Batman ), gap.gov.tr〕〔(Batman. Genel Bilgiler ), kultur.gov.tr, 18 June 2008 (in Turkish)〕〔(Batman. Tarihçe ), kultur.gov.tr, 21 February 2007 (in Turkish)〕 Development of oil fields resulted in relocation of Turkish people into a mostly Kurd-populated Batman Province. This brought ethnic conflicts which escalated in 1990s. More than 180 civilians were killed in the Batman city area by unidentified gunmen between 1992 and 1993. The province became a stronghold of Kurdish Hezbollah and hosted its camp where the militants received political and military training.〔(Akkoç v. Turkey, Application Nos. 22947/93, 22948/93, Judgement of 10 October 2000 ), European Court of Human Rights judgment concerning Akkoç v. Turkey case, section II, C〕〔(Human Rights Watch: ''What is Turkey's Hizbullah?'' )〕 Recent individual incidents include the following: 1 Turkish soldier was killed and 2 wounded during clashes in the province on 15 April 2010.〔. Samanyoluhaber.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20.〕 Later on 9 August 2010 5 PKK militants were killed in clashes with the Turkish military.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=No Operation )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Batman Province」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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